The paper shows that historical records of wine yield and quality from Central Europe (1416–1988) can be combined into a Yield Quality Index (YQI). This index serves as a reliable indicator of climate conditions from May to July. Using long-term tax, tithe, and estate records from the Moselle region in Germany and the Swiss Plateau, the study shows that high YQI values correspond to warm summers, early harvests, and supportive tree-ring evidence. Conversely, low values often reflect cold summers or frost damage. These results confirm that wine production data can significantly improve climate reconstructions and help explain the social and economic impacts of past climate extremes.

This study uses historical weather observations rescued from across Europe, as well as machine learning techniques to improve our understanding of a series of heatwaves in 1806. The results indicate that while machine learning models can do a good job of reproducing historical weather observations, they can't capture the physics behind why a heatwave would occur.

The present manuscript submitted by Gali et al. to Climate of the Past, 'Historical droughts in british Colonial Belize (1771-1981)', is a publication which has been subject to comprehensive research, and it is anticipated that it will appeal to scientists across a range of disciplines. The region in which the work is conducted is significantly under-represented in the current literature, and this paper constitutes an excellent contribution to both the scientific community and our regional understanding of climate.

The paper presents a state-of-the-are Holocene reconstruction of North American vegetation shifts, including a discussion of drivers and potential feedbacks on climate.

Stevenard et al. present the first compilation of SST records covering the period 350 to 300 ka, encompassing Termination IV and the subsequent interglacial (Marine isotope stage, MIS, 9e). They show that surface temperatures rose by ~5.7 °C during Termination IV, comparable to the estimated warming of Terminations I and II. Their results further suggest that globally averaged SST during MIS9e were similar to the pre-industrial. This reflects a highly spatially heterogeneous interglacial optimum, likely influenced by variations in the strength of the Atlantic Meridional Overturning Circulation.